Mzere Wopangira Feteleza Wosungunuka wa Madzi

Chiyambi cha fermentation process:
Biogas nayonso mphamvu, amatchedwanso anaerobic chimbudzi ndi anaerobic nayonso mphamvu, amatanthauza zinthu organic (monga anthu, ziweto ndi nkhuku manyowa, udzu, udzu, etc.) pansi ena chinyezi, kutentha ndi anaerobic zinthu, kudzera catabolism zosiyanasiyana tizilombo, ndi potsiriza Njira yopangira chisakanizo cha mpweya woyaka monga methane ndi carbon dioxide.The biogas nayonso mphamvu dongosolo zachokera mfundo ya biogas nayonso mphamvu, ndi cholinga cha kupanga mphamvu, ndipo potsiriza amazindikira ntchito mabuku biogas, biogas slurry ndi biogas zotsalira.

Biogas nayonso mphamvu ndi zovuta zam'chilengedwe ndondomeko ndi makhalidwe awa:
(1) Pali mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono nawo nayonso mphamvu anachita, ndipo palibe chitsanzo ntchito kupsyinjika limodzi kupanga biogas, ndi inoculum chofunika nayonso mphamvu pa kupanga ndi kuyezetsa.
(2) Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotchera ndizovuta ndipo zimachokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.Zosiyanasiyana organic kanthu kapena zosakaniza angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nayonso mphamvu zopangira, ndipo chomaliza ndi biogas.Komanso, biogas nayonso mphamvu akhoza kuchitira organic zinyalala ndi COD misa ndende kuposa 50,000 mg/L ndi zinyalala organic ndi mkulu olimba okhutira.
The mowa mphamvu ya biogas tizilombo ndi otsika.Pazifukwa zomwezo, mphamvu yofunikira pakugaya kwa anaerobic imangotengera 1/30 ~ 1/20 ya kuwonongeka kwa aerobic.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya biogas nayonso mphamvu zipangizo, amene ali osiyana mu kapangidwe ndi zakuthupi, koma mitundu yonse ya zipangizo akhoza kutulutsa biogas bola kapangidwe ndi wololera.
Biogas nayonso mphamvu amatanthauza njira imene zosiyanasiyana olimba organic zinyalala ndi thovu ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono biogas kubala biogas.Nthawi zambiri imatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:
Liquefaction stage
Popeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolimba sizingalowe mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, chinthu cholimbacho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi hydrolyzed kukhala Soluble monosaccharides, amino acid, glycerol, ndi mafuta acid okhala ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono.Zinthu zosungunukazi zokhala ndi mamolekyu ochepa olemera zimatha kulowa m'maselo a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikuwolanso ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Gawo la Acidogenic
Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosungunuka (monosaccharides, amino acid, mafuta acids) zimapitilira kuwola ndikusandulika kukhala zinthu zochepa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi cellulosic mabakiteriya, mabakiteriya a protein, lipobacteria ndi ma enzymes a pectin, monga butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, ndi mowa , ketoni, aldehydes ndi zinthu zina zosavuta organic;nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zina zakuthupi monga hydrogen, carbon dioxide ndi ammonia zimatulutsidwa.Koma mu siteji iyi, chinthu chachikulu ndi asidi asidi, owerengera oposa 70%, choncho amatchedwa asidi m'badwo siteji.Mabakiteriya omwe amagwira nawo gawoli amatchedwa acidogens.
Gawo la Methanogenic
Mabakiteriya a Methanogenic amawola zinthu zosavuta monga acetic acid zomwe zimawola mu gawo lachiwiri kukhala methane ndi mpweya woipa, ndipo mpweya woipa umachepetsedwa kukhala methane pansi pa mphamvu ya haidrojeni.Gawoli limatchedwa gawo lopanga mpweya, kapena gawo la methanogenic.
Mabakiteriya a Methanogenic amafunika kukhala m'malo omwe amatha kuchepetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni pansi -330mV, ndipo kuthira kwa biogas kumafuna malo okhwima a anaerobic.
Amakhulupirira kuti kuchokera pakuwola kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovuta zamoyo mpaka ku m'badwo womaliza wa biogas, pali magulu asanu akuluakulu achilengedwe a mabakiteriya omwe amakhudzidwa, omwe ndi mabakiteriya oyaka, mabakiteriya otulutsa hydrogen, mabakiteriya owononga hydrogen, mabakiteriya acetogenic, ma hydrogen kudya. methanogens ndi mabakiteriya otulutsa asidi.Methanogens.Magulu asanu a mabakiteriya amapanga chakudya.Malingana ndi kusiyana kwa ma metabolites awo, magulu atatu oyambirira a mabakiteriya amamaliza ntchito ya hydrolysis ndi acidification pamodzi, ndipo magulu awiri otsiriza a mabakiteriya amamaliza kupanga methane.
mabakiteriya otentha
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu organic kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito nayonso mphamvu biogas nayonso mphamvu, monga ziweto manyowa, mbewu udzu, chakudya ndi mowa processing zinyalala, etc., ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zake mankhwala monga polysaccharides (monga mapadi, hemicellulose, wowuma, pectin, etc.), gulu la lipids ndi mapuloteni.Zambiri mwazinthu zovuta za organiczi sizisungunuka m'madzi ndipo zimayamba kuwola kukhala mashuga osungunuka, ma amino acid ndi mafuta acids ndi ma enzymes opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya oyaka asanayambe kuyamwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.Pambuyo pa mabakiteriya owotchera atenga zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa m'maselo, amasandulika kukhala acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa kudzera mu nayonso mphamvu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni ndi mpweya woipa amapangidwa nthawi imodzi.Kuchuluka kwa asidi asidi, propionic asidi ndi asidi butyric mu nayonso mphamvu msuzi pa biogas nayonso mphamvu amatchedwa okwana kusakhazikika asidi (TVA).Mu chikhalidwe cha nayonso mphamvu yachibadwa, asidi acetic ndiye asidi wamkulu mu asidi onse ogwiritsidwa ntchito.Zinthu zamapuloteni zikawonongeka, kuwonjezera pa zinthuzo, padzakhalanso ammonia hydrogen sulfide.Pali mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya owotchera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi fermentation ya hydrolytic, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri yodziwika, kuphatikizapo Clostridium, Bacteroides, mabakiteriya a Butyric acid, mabakiteriya a Lactic acid, Bifidobacteria ndi Spiral bacteria.Ambiri mwa mabakiteriyawa ndi anaerobes, komanso facultative anaerobes.[1]
Methanogens
Pa biogas nayonso mphamvu, mapangidwe a methane amayamba ndi gulu la mabakiteriya apadera otchedwa methanogens.Ma methanogens amaphatikiza ma hydromethanotrophs ndi acetomethanotrophs, omwe ndi mamembala omaliza a gulu lazakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi cha anaerobic.Ngakhale ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe awo mumndandanda wazakudya amawapangitsa kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a thupi.Pansi anaerobic mikhalidwe, iwo atembenuke mankhwala omaliza a magulu atatu oyambirira a bakiteriya kagayidwe mu mpweya mankhwala methane ndi mpweya woipa, pakalibe ovomereza kunja haidrojeni, kotero kuti kuwonongeka kwa organic zinthu pansi anaerobic zinthu akhoza bwinobwino anamaliza.

Kusankha njira yothetsera michere muzomera:
Kupanga njira yothetsera michere ya zomera kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zopindulitsa mu biogas slurry ndikuwonjezera mchere wokwanira kuti zinthu zomalizidwa zikhale ndi makhalidwe abwino.
Monga chilengedwe cha macromolecular organic, humic acid imakhala ndi zochitika zabwino za thupi komanso ntchito zoyamwa, zovuta komanso kusinthana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito humic acid ndi biogas slurry pochiza chelation kumatha kukulitsa kukhazikika kwa biogas slurry, kuwonjezera kuwunika kwa chelation kungapangitse mbewu kuti zimwe bwino.

Chiyambi cha Humic acid chelation process:
Chelation imatanthawuza momwe ma ion zitsulo amagwirizanirana ndi ma atomu awiri kapena kuposerapo (osakhala zitsulo) mu molekyulu yomweyo ndi ma coordination bonds kuti apange heterocyclic structure (chelate ring) yokhala ndi ayoni achitsulo.mtundu wa zotsatira.Ndizofanana ndi zotsatira za chelation za nkhanu za nkhanu, motero dzina lake.Kupangidwa kwa mphete ya chelate kumapangitsa kuti chelate ikhale yolimba kwambiri kuposa zovuta zopanda chelate zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi zofanana.Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa bata komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chelation kumatchedwa chelation effect.
Kachitidwe ka mankhwala komwe gulu logwira ntchito la molekyulu imodzi kapena mamolekyu awiri ndi ion yachitsulo imapanga dongosolo la mphete kupyolera mu mgwirizano wotchedwa chelation, wotchedwanso chelation kapena cyclization.Pakati pa chitsulo chosasinthika chomwe chimalowetsedwa ndi thupi la munthu, 2-10% yokha ndiyomwe imatengedwa.Mchere ukasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe osungunuka, ma amino acid nthawi zambiri amawonjezedwa kuti apange "chelate" pawiri.Choyamba, Chelation amatanthauza kukonza zinthu zamchere kuti zikhale zogayidwa.Mankhwala wamba amchere, monga chakudya cha mafupa, dolomite, ndi zina zotero, sichinakhalepo "chelated".Chifukwa chake, pochiza chimbudzi, choyamba ayenera kulandira chithandizo cha "chelation".Komabe, njira yachilengedwe yopangira mchere kukhala zinthu za "chelate" (chelate) m'matupi a anthu ambiri sizigwira ntchito bwino.Zotsatira zake, zowonjezera zamchere zimakhala zopanda ntchito.Kuchokera apa tikudziwa kuti zinthu zomwe thupi la munthu limalowa m'thupi sizingathe kuwonetsa zotsatira zake.Zambiri za thupi la munthu sizingagayike bwino ndi kuyamwa chakudya.Pakati pa chitsulo chosasinthika chomwe chimakhudzidwa, 2% -10% yokha ndiyomwe imagayidwa, ndipo 50% idzachotsedwa, kotero thupi la munthu lakhala kale "chelated" chitsulo."Kugaya ndi kuyamwa kwa mchere wothiridwa ndi 3-10 kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mchere wosasinthidwa.Ngakhale mutawononga ndalama zochulukirapo, ndizofunika.
Feteleza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano sangatengedwe ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi mbewu chifukwa ma inorganic trace element amakhazikika mosavuta ndi dothi la m'nthaka.Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa chelated trace element m'nthaka ndikwambiri kuposa kwa inorganic trace elements.Mtengo wa chelated trace elements ndiwokweranso kuposa feteleza wa inorganic trace element.